[C++] Visual Studio 2017 Appveyor build job

[asfimport]

Extend Appveyor build matrix with Visual Studio 2017 environment build job

Reporter: Max Risuhin / @maxhora
Assignee: Max Risuhin / @maxhora

_{Note: This issue was originally created as ARROW-1241. Please see the migration documentation for further details.}

[asfimport]

Wes McKinney / @wesm:
Issue resolved by pull request 870
#870