January 30, 2013 This article was contributed by Andi Kleen elision : the act or an instance of omitting something : omission Contended locks are a common software scaling problem on modern multi-core systems. As more cores are added the synchronization overhead increases, potentially exceeding the speed-up provided by the extra processors. Writing good, scalable, fine-grained locking is difficult
Single Writer Principle
When trying to build a highly scalable system the single biggest limitation on scalability is having multiple writers contend for any item of data or resource. Sure, algorithms can be bad, but let’s assume they have a reasonable Big O notation so we'll focus on the scalability limitations of the systems design. I keep seeing people just accept having multiple writers as the norm. There is a lot
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "MESI protocol" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (May 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this message) The MESI protocol is an invalidate-based cache coherence protocol, and is one of the mo
If you use source control, you’re on your way towards understanding memory ordering, an important consideration when writing lock-free code in C, C++ and other languages. In my last post, I wrote about memory ordering at compile time, which forms one half of the memory ordering puzzle. This post is about the other half: memory ordering at runtime, on the processor itself. Like compiler reordering,
June 2, 2013 Volume 11, issue 5 PDF Proving the Correctness of Nonblocking Data Structures Nonblocking synchronization can yield astonishing results in terms of scalability and realtime response, but at the expense of verification state space. Mathieu Desnoyers, EfficiOS So you've decided to use a nonblocking data structure, and now you need to be certain of its correctness. How can this be achiev
Is Parallel Programming Hard, And, If So, What Can You Do About It? The current version is v2024.12.27a [PDF] (single-column format [PDF], ebook format [PDF], change log). The default double-column format is easiest on both the trees and the eyes in paperback book form. The single-column format works well on large-format ebook readers. Smartphones and smaller ebook readers get better results with
Contents Optimization manuals Vector class library ForwardCom: An open standard instruction set for high performance microprocessors Test programs for measuring clock cycles in C++ and assembly code Object file converter and disassembler Assembly function library Floating point exception tracking and NaN propagation CPUID manipulation program Links My blog on optimization Optimization manuals This
Belt Machines Data interchange without general registers A large fraction of the power budget of modern superscalar CPUs is devoted to renaming registers: the CPU must track the dataflow of the executing program, assign physical registers and map them to the logical registers of the program, schedule operations when arguments are available, restore visible state in the event of an exception—all wh
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CPUs and pipelines, how do they work?